AP Psychology Chapter 4 Review

Chapter 4 review Sheet Ap Psychology

• Attachment – connection parents have with their kids – thought to be caused by nature keeping kids cared for and all caregivers – not due to nourishment, but touch • Egocentric – Idea kids have until in preschool that everything sees them through them • Secure attachment – Kids will wonder from their parents – when parents leave will sad and will seek contact when they return • Unsecured attachment – Kids will stay with their parents - when parent leave will not be upset – effects seen later in life (the sad monkey) • Object permanence – Kids under 8 months – when something goes out of sight it is out of mind • Teratogen - chemicals and viruses that can enter embryo and fetus and cause harm • Responsive parenting – parents that respond to their kids needs all of time • Rooting reflex – reflex babies have – starts when touching their cheeks • Primary sex characteristics - develop at puberty – learn about them in health class • Brain chemistry - • Formal operational – last state of Piaget attachment series – 12 and up • Kohlberg and his critics -– moral ladder – 3 stages – financial level and gender matters • Prenatal development – development in the womb – zygote (conception to 2 weeks), embryo (2 weeks to 8 weeks), fetus (9 weeks to birth) – can be harmed by fetal alcohol syndrome and tetragons • Accommodation – adapting to new information to change schema • Assimilation – adding new info to schema • Habituation – becoming used to it • Estrogen – female hormone creates secondary sex characteristics • Gut level intuition – immediate moral reaction • Crystallized intelligence –factual information, increases as ages • Cognitive development • Conservation of volume – when children are able to know that an upside down beaker does not gain liquid • Autism – mental disease, people who can not relate socially, more internally focused • Stability vs. Change – as we get older our life is a pattern of stability vs change – stability of personality starts around 28 – temperament more stable; consciousness too (but can be stable relative to peers as they age) • Nature or Nurture – concern if genes or environment • Menarche – first period • Development Psychology – area of psychology concerned with human development (this chapter) • Preconvention – early stage of morality – only do things to not get into trouble • Maturation – growth through stages • Attachment – organisms bond with each other; young children to their caregivers; cause of stranger anxiety • Abstract reasoning – ability for people to have complex ideas; can see things that are not their • Identity – sense one has of them self • Post Conventional – last stage of morality; do things one thinks is right; regardless of the law • Secure attachment – feel comfortable with their mother • Marriage bonds – becoming weaker • Marrying at an older age – is happening; prolonging adolescent period • Trust – feeling one has about another human’s ability to execute actions; 1. Firm reliance on the integrity, ability, or character of a person or thing. • Imprinting – what animals do to the 1st thing they see • Autonomy – ablitiy to act on their own • Newborn and their mom’s voice – are attached to it • Stranger anxiety – babies not wanting to be with people other than people they know (are not familiar with) • Theory of mind – ability to see things from another person’s POV • Mental retardation • Role confusion • Authoritative parenting – strict parenting • Fluid intelligence • Car accidents and the elderly • Emotional stability • Self Awareness • Conservation • Social Clock • Basic trust • Vygotsky and his research • Familiarity •