Difference between revisions of "Latin Grammar Notes"

Latest revision as of 02:31, 12 November 2007

Latin Grammar

1. Pronunciation:
   1. No j,k,y,z,w
   2. So
      1. V=W
      2. C=K (always a had K (like cat))
      3. G=Go (no soft G’s like George)
   3. Vowels
      1. A=Ah (father)
      2. E=A (Aestate (sounds like I-stata-tae])
      3. I=E (Machine]
   4. Diphthong
      1. Two vowls that make an I sound (mean)
      2. AE=I (Aestate (sounds like Istatati])
      3. IA=Ya (Iam (sounds like yam))
2. Macrons
   1. Accent marks
   2. Indicate length of shortness of vowels
   3. I am not responsible to know these now
3. Articles
   1. Are a, the, an
   2. Ex: The Girl
   3. NONE OF THESE IN LATIN
4. Verb Order
   1. Verb is often at the end of sentence
   2.  ???Does it have to be?????????? I don’t think so.
   3. You need to move words around
   4. Not every word is translatable
5. Derivatives
   1. English words that come with Latin roots
   2. They need to share similar characteristics.
      1. Similar root
         1. Ex: Salve to Salute
      2. Similar meaning
         1. Ex: Salve means hello, greeting in Latin; Salute is to greet, welcome, or acknowledge somebody, either with a gesture or in words
6. Parts Of Speech
   1. Nouns [Land]
      1. Persons, places, things, or ideas
      2. Nouns have:
         1. Number
            1. Singular
               1. Female= Ends in a
               2. Male= Ends in us
            2. Plural
               1. Female= Ends in ae [e sounds like i]
               2. Male= Ends in no us, add I
         2. Gender
            1. Masculine (male)
               1. Sing=us
               2. Plural= no us, add i
            2. Feminine (Female)
               1. Sing=a
               2. Plural=ae
            3. Some irregular
               1. abrore -> Plural -> arbores
         3. Use [Case]
            1. The role the noun plays in the sentence.
            2. Subject [Nominative]
               1. Does the action
               2. Ends as written before
            3. Direct Object (D.O.) [Accusative]
               1. A noun that receives the action of the verb
               2. What the verb does
               3. in/to/around are Not D.O., but prepositions
               4. Examples:

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Example:
                  1. Marcum conspict puella.
                  2. Means: The girls catch sight of Marcus.
                  3. Word order can be changed around
               2. Singular D.O. ends in M in Latin
                  1. Sextum
                  2. Cornelium
      2. Declensions (11/14/04) [Groups of Nouns that share endings]

1. 1. Verbs [Ville]
      1. Action words
      2. HAS DIFFERENT ENDING THEN NOUNS
         1. T=Singular (he or she)
         2. NT=Plural (they)
         3. More specific:

1. 1. 1. If the subject of the sentence is singular, the verb is singular.
      2. If the subject of the sentence is plural, the verb is plural.
      3. Infinitives
         1. a verb form that completes the meaning of another verb

1. 1. 1. 1. Infintives, in English, mean, TO ____________
            1. To build
            2. To sleep
            3. To jump
            4. To play
            5. In Latin, end in RE
         2. conjugations:

1. 1. Adjectives [Burrow]
      1. Describes nouns
      2. Must agree with the nouns they describe in number
         1. ex. If nouns are plural, adj. is plural

1. 1. 1. Must agree with Male/Female
         1. just add the noun ending

1. 1. 1. 1. 1. Remember that I sounds like E
      2. Also must agree in use

1. 1. 1. 1. Adj. must agree in number, gender, use

1. 1. 1. 1. Adj. can not be irregular
            1. D.O. Adj. end in m or um
            2. See above (6.a.iii)
   2. Adverbs
      1. Describes verbs